{"id":1779,"date":"2026-01-29T07:59:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T07:59:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dulichdaklak.site\/?p=1779"},"modified":"2026-04-02T09:08:12","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T09:08:12","slug":"tu-ky-khong-phai-benh-chi-la-dang-phat-trien-khac-voi-so-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tangdongvatukyvanvui.vn\/en\/tu-ky-khong-phai-benh-chi-la-dang-phat-trien-khac-voi-so-dong.html","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp cho tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u01b0u \u00e1i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u0103m ch\u00fa nghe gi\u1ea3ng, c\u00f9ng nhau th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, ho\u1eb7c vui \u0111\u00f9a v\u00e0o gi\u1edd ra ch\u01a1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ebb thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 (Autism Spectrum Disorder \u2013 ASD) trong l\u1edbp, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t: tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh m\u1eaft, th\u00edch ch\u01a1i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 xoay tay, b\u1ecbt tai, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d, \u201cthi\u1ebfu k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt\u201d hay \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc \u2013 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cs\u1eeda\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e9p tr\u1ebb h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

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1. T\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea7n kinh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh<\/b><\/h3>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Courchesne v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2007) ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf v\u00f9ng v\u1ecf n\u00e3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1n \u2013 khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa \u00fd, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh (mirror neuron system), v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 (Rizzolatti & Fabbri-Destro, 2010). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m, ho\u1eb7c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i qua l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb trong ph\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m cao v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u2013 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c (sensory processing disorder). Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u00e0o l\u1edbp hay \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang ch\u00f3i m\u1eaft c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn tr\u1ebb ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi hay ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u2013 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho gi\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc<\/b><\/h3>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed3i k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng tr\u1ebb “t\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc, d\u00f9 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1eeb UNESCO (2020) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n