{"id":1776,"date":"2026-01-29T07:56:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T07:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dulichdaklak.site\/?p=1776"},"modified":"2026-04-02T09:00:22","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T09:00:22","slug":"canh-bao-6-dau-hieu-tre-bi-tu-ky-ba-me-can-cho-be-di-kham-ngay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tangdongvatukyvanvui.vn\/en\/canh-bao-6-dau-hieu-tre-bi-tu-ky-ba-me-can-cho-be-di-kham-ngay.html","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD \u2013 V\u1eady b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a?"},"content":{"rendered":"

R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u00fa \u00fd (ADHD \u2013 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m xa l\u1ea1 trong y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng m\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn. ADHD th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb g\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh dung ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u201ckh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y\u201d, \u201cthi\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung\u201d, \u201cb\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ck\u00e9m tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111ang d\u1ea7n h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111a chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO), ADHD \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 5\u20137% tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 2\u20135% ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u2013 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201c\u1ea9n\u201d trong s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9m, ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00ean sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

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1. ADHD l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 h\u1ecd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao?<\/b><\/h2>\n

ADHD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ch\u00ed hay \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n kinh (neurodevelopmental disorder) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh quan tr\u1ecdng: dopamine v\u00e0 norepinephrine \u2013 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec ch\u00fa \u00fd, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Volkow et al. (2009), c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <\/span>JAMA<\/span><\/i>, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt PET scan \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 dopamine th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong v\u00f9ng v\u1ecf n\u00e3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 v\u00e2n \u2013 hai khu v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb xao nh\u00e3ng, kh\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (fMRI) cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (central executive network) v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh (default mode network). Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c trong k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201ct\u00e2m tr\u00ed tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t\u201d v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf xung \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Hyperfocus \u2013 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung si\u00eau s\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD?<\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u1edf ADHD l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <\/span>hyperfocus<\/b> \u2013 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c qu\u00ean \u0103n, qu\u00ean ng\u1ee7, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ADHD th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi \u201cthi\u1ebfu ch\u00fa \u00fd\u201d, nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft ch\u00fa \u00fd\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 William Dodson, chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ADHD \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi ADHD l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean th\u1eddi gian\u201d: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ed3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c khi b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd sau nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u2013 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 g\u1ea5p g\u00e1p k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t dopamine v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u201cb\u1eadt ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung t\u1ed1i \u0111a\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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3. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u201cl\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng\u201d \u2013 m\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u01b0ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 ADHD l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu trong \u201cch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh\u201d (executive functioning). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi theo m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Barkley (1997) \u2013 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia ti\u00ean phong trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ADHD \u2013 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ADHD th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 <\/span>kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/b>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u201cb\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cduy tr\u00ec\u201d h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c qu\u00ean h\u1eb9n, \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ec5, tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n deadline kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng hay c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

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4. ADHD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ckhi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft\u201d \u2013 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng<\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <\/span>Scientific American Mind<\/span><\/i> (2016) cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ecfi trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh, \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m, ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c phong ph\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, doanh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ADHD \u2013 bao g\u1ed3m Leonardo da Vinci, Richard Branson, Michael Phelps, Simone Biles, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 Albert Einstein (theo gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea7n kinh).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2018 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean <\/span>Journal of Creative Behavior<\/span><\/i> cho th\u1ea5y nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao h\u01a1n trung b\u00ecnh trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111o t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201ct\u01b0 duy ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3\u201d \u2013 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD \u2013 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cv\u00f9ng an to\u00e0n\u201d cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ADHD b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c:<\/span><\/p>\n